What is the difference between Formative and Summative assessment?
Formative assessment is measuring the learning of students during the learning process. Summative is measurements made at the conclusion of the learning process to see how effective the whole course was.
Norm reference assessments are use when there is no agreement on what a student should know. This is vastly different from Criterion assessment where this type of assessment is used to measure if a student reached an objective to a satisfactory level. Self referenced assessment are used when a person sets personal goals and then evaluate whether or not those goals were met.
Self directed learning is where a student is matured and sophisticated enough that they are able to set their learning goals, how they will learn, and how the learning will be assessed. People who use this type of learning sees professors as colleagues rather than authoritarian and rather get criticism than a grade. These people are able to connect and integrate problems as well as possible solutions being comfortable with a problem that doesn't have only one correct answer.
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